An epidemic of mesothelioma is present in several small towns in central Turkey (Cappadocia), which is a well-known geological and historical area. Within three towns, approximately 50% of the people die of mesothelioma. Generally this type of cancer is associated with asbestos workers, but there is no source of asbestos in this region where volcanic rocks predominate. It was, however, recognized that another fibrous mineral called erionite is common. Because virtually all structures are carved from the rather soft stone, residents are exposed to shi mineral their entire lives.

Medical doctors are especially interested in this area because it was recognized that the disease is apparently restricted to certain families, and others, although in the same environment, are immune. Thus genetics appears to play an important role. Erionite also occurs in other areas including Oregon, Nevada, and North Dakota in the US. As a zeolite, erionite has been used industrially and thus is now carefully monitored. It is classified as one of the most carcinogenic natural materials. I will describe its occurrence, chemistry, and some details of the five-year project funded by NIH for studies in Cappadocia.

Bio Sketch
Ian Steele is currently a Research Associate in the Dept. of Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago. He received a BS from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1966 and a PhD from University of Illinois (Champaign) in 1971, both from geology departments. He moved to the University of Chicago in 1971 and has worked on the mineralogy of other terrestrial phases. This has involved various analytical techniques including the electron microprobe, scanning electron microscope, single crystal and powder x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and most recently synchrotron based studies. He presently manages the electron probe, SEM, and diffraction facilities in both geology and chemistry departments.